Among these elements is the family of GADD45 proteins, which assists cells by preventing accumulated mutations in the nuclear DNA. 4 Recent studies have demonstrated that in the complex scenario of signal transduction mechanisms activated to protect cells, there are elements that play pivotal roles to guarantee DNA integrity. 2, 3ĭNA integrity is the most important prerequisite for the fulfillment of vital cellular functions: The loss of functionally important genes compromises the health of cells and accelerates the skin aging process. However, in the case of prolonged and persistent environmental stress, this termination process fails, leading to chronic inflammation characterized by the continuous production of free radicals and further causing DNA damage, wrinkles and skin aging. In typical cases, when the inflammatory response is no longer required, the physiological events are rapidly terminated. In fact, during the inflammatory process, free radicals are generated, blood flow increases and immune cells are attracted by chemical signals to the site of injury. 1 Although inflammation is the first line of defense against microorganisms and external assault, it can also lead to visible signs of aging. Skin inflammation is indeed one of the most serious consequences of environmental stress. Once these cells are damaged, skin loses firmness and vigor, becoming weaker and more vulnerable to diseases. Skin cells, in particular keratinocytes and fibroblasts, are the cells most exposed to environmental stressors such as UV light, smog, toxins, cigarette smoke and pollution.
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